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The Crystal
Encyclopedia
A comprehensive guide to the world's minerals, gemstones, and crystals. Explore properties, meanings, origins, and care guides for each specimen in our collection.
276
Specimens cataloged
Achroite
Achroite is the rare, colorless variety of tourmaline (often elbaite or fluor-elbaite). It forms trigonal, prismatic ...
002RareAfghanite
Afghanite is a rare cancrinite-group feldspathoid (tectosilicate) known for blue to colorless material, often associa...
003Agate
Agate is a banded variety of chalcedony quartz.
004RareAjoite
Ajoite is a rare copper silicate mineral most commonly found as inclusions within quartz.
005Alexandrite
Alexandrite is a rare color-changing variety of chrysoberyl that shifts from green in daylight to red under incandesc...
006Almandine
Almandine is an iron-aluminum garnet commonly deep red in color.
007UncommonAmazonite
Amazonite is a green variety of microcline feldspar.
008Amber
Amber is fossilized tree resin valued for warmth, color, and historical use.
009Amethyst
Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz colored by iron impurities and natural irradiation, forming in volcanic and hy...
010UncommonAmetrine
Ametrine is a naturally occurring combination of amethyst and citrine within a single quartz crystal, caused by uneve...
011RareAmmolite
Ammolite is an opal-like organic gemstone formed from fossilized ammonite shells.
012UncommonAndalusite
Andalusite is an aluminum silicate mineral often showing pleochroism.
013UncommonChiastolite
Chiastolite is a variety of andalusite distinguished by a natural cross-shaped carbon inclusion formed during crystal...
014Angelite
Angelite is a blue form of anhydrite created when gypsum loses its water content under geological pressure.
015UncommonAnglesite
Anglesite is a lead sulfate mineral formed through oxidation of galena.
016UncommonAnkerite
Ankerite is a calcium iron magnesium carbonate mineral closely related to dolomite, commonly forming rhombohedral cry...
017UncommonAntigorite
Antigorite is a serpentine-group mineral formed through metamorphism of ultramafic rocks.
018Apatite
Apatite is a group of phosphate minerals commonly used as a source of phosphorus.
019UncommonApophyllite
Apophyllite is a hydrated potassium calcium silicate that forms well-defined prismatic crystals in volcanic environme...
020UncommonAquamarine
Aquamarine is a blue variety of beryl colored by iron impurities, forming in granitic pegmatites.
Aquatine Calcite
Aquatine Calcite is a blue calcite variety colored by copper and other trace minerals, forming in sedimentary environ...
022Aragonite
Aragonite is a polymorph of calcium carbonate that forms in marine and sedimentary environments under high pressure.
023UncommonArfvedsonite
Arfvedsonite is a sodium-rich amphibole mineral forming prismatic crystals in alkaline igneous rocks.
Aura Quartz
Aura Quartz is natural quartz bonded with vapor-deposited metals such as titanium or gold to create an iridescent sur...
025UncommonAzurite
Azurite is a copper carbonate mineral often associated with malachite.
026Barite
Barite is a barium sulfate mineral forming tabular crystals.
027Benitoite
Benitoite is a rare barium titanium silicate mineral best known from California, where it forms in serpentine-hosted ...
Red Beryl
Red Beryl is a rare manganese-colored variety of beryl, forming hexagonal crystals in rhyolite deposits.
029Bismuth Crystal
Bismuth crystals are typically lab-grown from elemental bismuth, forming stepped hopper crystals as the metal cools a...
030Black Kyanite
Black kyanite forms as bladed crystal aggregates in metamorphic rocks, often exhibiting strong directional hardness.
031Black Tourmaline
Black tourmaline (schorl) is an iron-rich tourmaline commonly forming prismatic crystals in igneous and metamorphic r...
032Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a green chalcedony variety colored by iron oxide inclusions that create red spotting.
033Blue Apatite
Blue apatite is a phosphate mineral commonly forming prismatic crystals in igneous and metamorphic rocks.
Blue Aragonite
Blue aragonite is a calcium carbonate polymorph formed in sedimentary environments, often colored by copper.
035Blue Calcite
Blue calcite is a calcium carbonate mineral with calming coloration.
Blue Halite
Blue halite is a rare sodium chloride crystal colored by lattice defects and radiation exposure.
Blue John Fluorite
Blue John is a banded fluorite variety unique to Derbyshire, England.
038Blue Kyanite
Blue kyanite forms bladed crystals with directional hardness in metamorphic rocks.
039UncommonBlue Lace Agate
Blue lace agate is a banded chalcedony known for its delicate blue coloration.
040Blue Onyx
Blue onyx is a banded chalcedony variety often enhanced by dyeing.
041Blue Tiger’s Eye
Blue Tiger’s Eye is a fibrous quartz variety formed through the alteration of crocidolite fibers, creating a silky bl...
042Bornite
Bornite is a copper iron sulfide mineral known for its iridescent tarnish caused by surface oxidation.
043Botswana Agate
Botswana Agate is a banded chalcedony formed in volcanic rock cavities.
Bronzite
Bronzite is an iron-rich variety of enstatite displaying metallic schiller.
045RareBrookite
Brookite is a rare titanium dioxide polymorph forming tabular crystals.
046RareBrookite Quartz
Quartz containing inclusions of brookite titanium oxide.
047UncommonBustamite
Bustamite is a manganese calcium silicate related to rhodonite.
048Calcite
Calcite is a calcium carbonate mineral forming in sedimentary, metamorphic, and hydrothermal environments.
049UncommonCancrinite
Cancrinite is a sodium calcium aluminosilicate found in alkaline igneous rocks.
050Caribbean Calcite
A trade name for blue calcite with aragonite matrix.
051Carnelian
A red to orange variety of chalcedony colored by iron oxides.
052UncommonCassiterite
Cassiterite is the primary ore of tin, forming in hydrothermal veins.
053RareCavansite
Rare vanadium-bearing silicate forming in basalt cavities
054Celestite
Strontium sulfate mineral forming tabular crystals
055RareCerussite
Lead carbonate mineral with high adamantine luster
056RareChalcanthite
Highly soluble copper sulfate mineral
057Chalcedony
Microcrystalline quartz composed of silica fibers
058UncommonChalcocite
Copper sulfide mineral and major copper ore
059RareCharoite
Rare fibrous silicate mineral found only in Russia
Cherry Quartz
Man-made quartz glass infused with cinnabar coloring
061UncommonChlorite Phantom Quartz
Quartz crystal containing chlorite phantom inclusions
062UncommonChromite
Primary ore of chromium
063UncommonChrysanthemum Stone
Sedimentary stone with radiating mineral formations
064UncommonChrysocolla
Hydrated copper silicate mineral
065UncommonChrysoprase
Nickel-bearing variety of chalcedony
066RareCinnabar
Mercury sulfide mineral and primary mercury ore
067UncommonCitrine
Yellow variety of quartz colored by iron
068Clear Quartz
Pure crystalline silica
069UncommonClinozoisite
Calcium aluminum silicate mineral
070Cobaltoan Calcite
Cobalt-bearing variety of calcite
Color Change Fluorite
Fluorite exhibiting photochromic color shifts
072UncommonCopper
Naturally occurring metallic copper
073Crazy Lace Agate
Banded chalcedony variety
074UncommonCuprite
Copper(I) oxide mineral
075UncommonDanburite
Calcium boron silicate mineral
076UncommonDatolite
Calcium boron silicate hydroxide mineral
Desert Glass
Natural silica glass formed by impact heat
078Desert Rose
Gypsum crystals formed in arid sand
079UncommonDiopside
Calcium magnesium silicate mineral
080RareDioptase
Copper silicate hydroxide mineral
Dolomite
Calcium magnesium carbonate mineral
082Druzy Quartz
Fine crystal aggregates on host rock
083UncommonDumortierite
Aluminum borosilicate mineral
084Ekanite
Rare thorium-bearing silicate mineral
085UncommonElestial Quartz
Complex layered quartz growth formation
086RareEmerald
Green chromium-bearing beryl variety
087Enstatite
Magnesium silicate pyroxene mineral
088Epidote
Calcium aluminum iron silicate mineral
089UncommonFaden Quartz
Quartz crystal with healed internal fracture line
090Feldspar
Group of rock-forming aluminosilicates
Fire Agate
Iridescent chalcedony variety
092UncommonFire Opal
Transparent to translucent opal variety
093Fire Quartz
Quartz with hematite inclusions
094Flint
Microcrystalline quartz variety
095RareFluellite
Rare hydrated aluminum phosphate mineral containing fluorine
096Fluorite
Calcium fluoride mineral
097Fossil Coral
Fossilized coral replaced by calcite
Fuchsite
Chromium-rich muscovite mica
099Galena
Primary lead ore mineral
100Garnet
Group of silicate minerals
101UncommonGarnet (Grossular)
Calcium-aluminum silicate garnet variety
Garnet (Spessartine)
Manganese aluminum silicate garnet
Garnet (Uvarovite)
Chromium-rich calcium garnet
104RareGaspeite
Nickel magnesium carbonate mineral
105Goethite
Iron oxyhydroxide mineral common in soils
106Golden Healer
Quartz variety colored by iron oxide inclusions
107Goldstone
Artificial glass containing suspended copper crystals
108UncommonGoshenite
Colorless variety of beryl
109UncommonGrape Agate
Botryoidal chalcedony formation
110Green Aventurine
Quartz variety containing fuchsite inclusions
Green Calcite
Carbonate mineral colored by trace elements
112Green Fluorite
Calcium fluoride mineral
Green Kyanite
Aluminum silicate polymorph
114Green Opal
Hydrated silica mineraloid
115UncommonGreen Tourmaline
Borosilicate mineral group
116RareHackmanite
Sulfur-bearing sodalite variety with tenebrescence
117UncommonPink Halite
Naturally occurring sodium chloride colored by trace minerals
118Hematite
Iron oxide mineral and major iron ore
Rainbow Hematite
Hematite with thin-film interference coating
120UncommonHemimorphite
Hydrated zinc silicate mineral
121UncommonHerkimer Diamond
Double-terminated quartz crystals
122UncommonHeulandite
A hydrated zeolite mineral forming monoclinic crystals
123RareHiddenite
A chromium-bearing green variety of spodumene
124Honey Calcite
A yellow variety of calcite colored by iron inclusions
125Howlite
A borate mineral often used as a decorative stone
Blue Howlite
Dyed howlite commonly sold as turquoise substitute
127Indigo Gabbro
A coarse-grained mafic igneous rock rich in plagioclase and pyroxene
128UncommonIolite
A pleochroic magnesium aluminum silicate mineral
129UncommonIolite (Water Sapphire)
A pleochroic variety of cordierite historically used for navigation
130UncommonJade
A term for two distinct minerals jadeite and nephrite
Jade (Actinolite)
An amphibole mineral forming nephrite jade
132Jade (Nephrite)
A tough fibrous amphibole mineral historically carved and polished
133Jasper
An opaque microcrystalline variety of quartz
134Jasper (Fancy)
A multicolored ornamental jasper variety
Jet
Fossilized wood compressed under pressure over millions of years
136Kambaba Jasper
A stromatolite jasper containing fossilized algae structures
Kammererite
A chromium-rich variety of clinochlore
138RareKornerupine
A rare borosilicate mineral sometimes used as a gemstone
139UncommonKunzite
A pink variety of spodumene colored by manganese
140UncommonKyanite
A bladed crystal known for variable hardness
141Labradorite
A feldspar mineral known for labradorescence
142RareLabradorite (Spectrolite)
A high-flash variety of labradorite from Finland
Lapis Lazuli
A metamorphic rock primarily composed of lazurite
144RareLarimar
A rare blue variety of pectolite formed in volcanic cavities
145UncommonLazulite
A rare phosphate mineral often confused with lapis lazuli
146Lemon Quartz
A heat-treated or irradiated variety of quartz with yellow coloration
147UncommonLemurian Quartz
A quartz variety identified by horizontal growth striations on crystal faces
148UncommonLepidocrocite
An iron oxide mineral commonly found as inclusions in quartz
149UncommonLepidolite
A lithium-rich mica mineral often used as a lithium ore
150RareLibyan Desert Glass
A natural silica glass formed by meteorite impact or extreme heat
151Limonite
A secondary mineral formed from the weathering of iron-rich minerals
152Llanite
A rhyolitic rock composed primarily of quartz and feldspar
153UncommonLodestone
A naturally magnetic form of magnetite
154Mahogany Obsidian
A variety of obsidian with iron inclusions causing brown mottling
155Malachite
A copper carbonate hydroxide mineral forming in oxidation zones of copper deposits
156UncommonMalachite (Fibrous)
Fibrous malachite is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral forming in radiating structures.
157UncommonMarcasite
A polymorph of pyrite with orthorhombic crystal structure
Maw-Sit-Sit
A chromium-rich jadeite-related rock
Merlinite
A patterned quartz often misclassified as dendritic opal
160Mica
A group of sheet silicate minerals with perfect cleavage
161Microcline
A potassium feldspar mineral including amazonite varieties
162RareMoldavite
A natural glass formed from meteorite impact
163UncommonMoonstone
A feldspar mineral exhibiting adularescence
164UncommonBlack Moonstone
A darker variety of moonstone feldspar
165UncommonMorganite
A pink variety of beryl colored by trace manganese
166Moss Agate
A chalcedony variety with mineral inclusions resembling moss
167RareNeptunite
A rare titanium silicate often found with benitoite
168RareNuummite
One of the oldest known minerals on Earth, composed mainly of gedrite and anthophyllite
169Obsidian
A naturally occurring volcanic glass formed from rapidly cooled lava
Gold Sheen Obsidian
Obsidian containing gas bubbles that reflect light, creating a golden sheen
171UncommonOcean Jasper
A rare orbicular jasper found exclusively along Madagascar’s coast
172Oligoclase
A plagioclase feldspar intermediate between albite and anorthite
173Onyx
A banded variety of chalcedony typically black and white
174Green Onyx
Green onyx is a banded chalcedony variety colored by trace minerals.
175UncommonOpal
An amorphous hydrated silica known for play-of-color
176RareBoulder Opal
Opal formed naturally within ironstone matrix
177UncommonPeruvian Pink Opal
A common opal variety colored by trace organic compounds
White Opal
A light-colored opal often displaying subtle play-of-color
179Orange Calcite
A colored calcite variety caused by iron impurities
180UncommonOrca Agate
A banded agate known for black-and-white layered patterns
181RareOrpiment
A soft arsenic sulfide mineral historically used as pigment
182UncommonPargasite
A magnesium-rich amphibole mineral
183UncommonPearl
An organic gemstone formed within mollusks
184Pectolite
A sodium calcium inosilicate mineral, Larimar is its blue variety
185UncommonPeridot
A gem-quality variety of olivine formed in mantle rocks
186RarePetalite
A lithium-bearing mineral associated with pegmatites
187Petrified Wood
Fossilized wood replaced by silica over millions of years
188RarePhenacite
A rare beryllium silicate with high hardness and brilliance
189Phlogopite
A magnesium-rich mica mineral with flexible sheets
190UncommonPhosphosiderite
A hydrated iron phosphate mineral commonly forming nodules and masses
Pietersite
A brecciated quartz with fibrous inclusions creating chatoyancy
192UncommonPink Amethyst
A pink-colored variety of quartz related to amethyst and hematite inclusions
193Pink Opal
A common opal variety colored by organic compounds or trace minerals
194UncommonPrehnite
A calcium aluminum silicate mineral forming botryoidal and crystalline masses
195UncommonPrehnite with Epidote
Prehnite crystals associated with epidote inclusions in metamorphic rock
196RareProustite
A silver arsenic sulfide mineral known for deep red transparency
197Psilomelane
A hard manganese oxide mineral occurring in botryoidal masses
198UncommonPurpurite
A manganese phosphate mineral known for its vivid purple color
199Pyrite
An iron sulfide mineral forming cubic and pyritohedral crystals
200UncommonPyromorphite
A lead phosphate chloride mineral forming prismatic hexagonal crystals
201RareHarlequin Quartz
Clear quartz containing red hematite inclusions creating a harlequin pattern
202Rainbow Obsidian
Volcanic glass with microscopic inclusions causing iridescent color bands
203UncommonRhodochrosite
A manganese carbonate mineral known for its vivid pink coloration
204UncommonRhodolite Garnet
A pyrope-almandine garnet variety valued for purplish-red hues
205UncommonRhodonite
A manganese silicate mineral often showing black manganese oxide veining
206Rhyolite
A fine-grained volcanic rock chemically similar to granite
207Rose Quartz
A pink variety of quartz colored by trace titanium or dumortierite
208RareRoselite
A rare cobalt calcium arsenate mineral known for vivid pink coloration
209RareRuby
A red variety of corundum colored by trace chromium
210Ruby Fuchsite
Ruby crystals naturally embedded within chromium-rich fuchsite mica
211Ruby in Zoisite
Ruby crystals naturally embedded within green zoisite matrix
212UncommonRutilated Quartz
Quartz containing needle-like rutile inclusions
Rutile
A titanium oxide mineral often found as inclusions
Saffordite
A rare tektite formed from meteorite impact
215UncommonSapphire
A gemstone variety of corundum excluding red
Sardonyx
A banded variety of chalcedony combining sard and onyx
217UncommonScapolite
A group of sodium-calcium aluminosilicate minerals
218RareScheelite
A calcium tungstate mineral with fluorescent properties
219UncommonScolecite
A zeolite mineral forming needle-like crystals
220Selenite
A crystalline variety of gypsum formed through evaporation
221Peach Selenite
A peach-colored gypsum variety colored by iron inclusions
222Septarian
A concretion formed from sedimentary calcite and aragonite
Seraphinite
A chatoyant chlorite mineral with fibrous inclusions
224Serpentine
A group of hydrated magnesium silicate minerals
225Bowenite
A harder, gem-quality variety of serpentine
226UncommonShattuckite
A rare copper silicate mineral formed in oxidized zones
Shiva Lingam
A cryptocrystalline quartz river stone shaped naturally
228Shungite
A carbon-rich mineraloid containing fullerenes
229RareElite Shungite
A rare high-carbon form of shungite with metallic luster
230UncommonSmithsonite
A zinc carbonate mineral often found in botryoidal form
231Smoky Quartz
A quartz variety colored by natural radiation exposure
232Sodalite
Sodium aluminum silicate mineral often associated with calcite
233Specular Hematite
Crystalline variety of hematite with reflective plate-like crystals
234UncommonSphalerite
Primary ore of zinc with high dispersion and resinous luster
235UncommonSpinel
Magnesium aluminum oxide often mistaken historically for ruby
Red Spinel
Red variety of spinel prized as a gemstone
237UncommonSpirit Quartz
Quartz crystal with secondary crystal overgrowth
238UncommonStaurolite
Aluminum iron silicate commonly forming cross twins
239RareStibnite
Stibnite is an antimony sulfide mineral forming elongated prismatic crystals.
Stilbite
Hydrated sodium calcium aluminum silicate
241UncommonStromatolite
Fossilized cyanobacteria mats forming layered rock
242RareSugilite
Potassium sodium lithium silicate mineral
243UncommonSunstone
Plagioclase feldspar with aventurescence
244UncommonSuper Seven Melody Stone
Super Seven variety popularized by Melody
245RareTanzanite
Blue-violet variety of zoisite colored by vanadium
246UncommonTektite
Glass formed from meteorite impacts on Earth
247UncommonThulite
Manganese-rich pink variety of zoisite
248UncommonTibetan Quartz
Naturally etched quartz from Himalayan deposits
249Tiger Iron
Natural combination of tiger’s eye; hematite; jasper
250Tiger’s Eye
Quartz pseudomorph after crocidolite
251Red Tiger’s Eye
Heat-treated variety of tiger’s eye with enhanced red tones
252RareTitanite
Calcium titanium silicate mineral with high dispersion
253UncommonTopaz
Aluminum fluorosilicate mineral with high hardness
Imperial Topaz
Rare orange-pink variety of topaz colored by chromium
255UncommonTourmalinated Quartz
Clear quartz containing black tourmaline inclusions
256UncommonTourmaline
Tourmaline is a complex borosilicate mineral group with wide color variation.
Blue Tourmaline
Blue variety of tourmaline also known as indicolite
258Pink Tourmaline
Pink elbaite tourmaline variety
259UncommonTrolleite
Rare aluminum phosphate mineral often mixed with quartz
260RareTurquoise
Hydrated copper aluminum phosphate mineral
261Ulexite
Hydrated sodium calcium borate known as TV stone
262Unakite
Unakite is a composite igneous rock composed of epidote, feldspar, and quartz.
263RareUraninite
Uraninite is a uranium oxide mineral and primary uranium ore.
264UncommonVanadinite
Lead vanadate chloride mineral
265UncommonVariscite
Hydrated aluminum phosphate mineral
266UncommonVesuvianite
Complex calcium aluminum silicate mineral
267RareVivianite
Hydrated iron phosphate mineral that darkens with light
268UncommonWavellite
Hydrated aluminum phosphate forming radiating clusters
269Weloganite
Rare hydrated sodium strontium carbonate mineral
270RareWulfenite
Wulfenite is a lead molybdate mineral known for thin tabular crystals.
271Yellow Fluorite
Calcium fluoride mineral with cubic crystallization
272Zebra Jasper
Banded chalcedony variety of quartz
273Zeolite (Mix)
Group of hydrated aluminosilicate minerals
274RareZincite
Zinc oxide mineral often found as furnace byproduct
275UncommonZircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral known for brilliance and durability.
276UncommonZoisite
Zoisite is a calcium aluminum silicate mineral occurring in several varieties.
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